ABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación de casos y controles de pacientes adultos ingresados en el Hospital Provincial Docente Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, durante 5 meses del 2017, con el propósito de estimar el efecto de determinados factores de riesgo como modificadores de la estadía hospitalaria, así como la magnitud del impacto en la potencial reducción del grado de exposición a estos. El grupo de estudio fue conformado por 40 pacientes y el de control por 80. Predominaron las lesiones osteomioarticulares en ambos grupos (con un total de 23,3 por ciento); en tanto, para los casos resultó más frecuente una estadía hospitalaria de 13 días y para los controles fue igual o superior a los 7 días como promedio. Entre los factores de riesgo fueron definidos, con un nivel de confianza de 95 por ciento, la edad superior a los 65 años (OR: 4; IC 95 por ciento: 1,2-17), la ocurrencia de episodios adversos (OR: 26; IC 95 por ciento: 8,1-80,3) y los retrasos en las decisiones médicas (OR: 19; IC 95 por ciento: 4-89). Pudo concluirse que el diseño epidemiológico permitió establecer relaciones de causalidad en la prolongación de la estadía hospitalaria y cuantificar la magnitud de su reducción si se controlan o eliminan los riesgos
An investigation of cases and controls in adult patients admitted at Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during 5 months in 2017, with the purpose of estimating the effect of certain risk factors as modifiers of the hospital stay, as well as the magnitude of the impact in the potential reduction of the exposure degree to those factors. The study group was formed by 40 patients and the control group by 80. The osteomioarticular lesions prevailed in both groups (with a total of 23.3 percent); as long as, for the cases it was more frequent a hospital stay of 13 days and for the controls, equal or longer than 7 days as average. Among the risk factors were defined, with a confidence level of 95 percent, the age older than 65 years (OR: 4; IC 95 percent: 1.2-17), the occurrence of adverse episodes (OR: 26; IC 95 percent: 8.1-80.3) and the delays in the medical decisions (OR: 19; IC 95 percent: 4-89). It could be concluded that the epidemiological design allowed to establish causality relationships in the continuity of the hospital stay and to quantify the magnitude of its reduction if risks are controlled or eliminated
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Risk Factors , Quality Indicators, Health Care/ethics , Health Management , Hospitalization , Epidemiologic Factors , Hospital AdministrationABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Los eventos adversos son comunes durante el uso de la terapia intravenosa, pueden causar daño al paciente y contribuir a agravar el estado de salud y la estancia hospitalaria prolongada. Además, al proporcionar acceso directo a la corriente sanguínea, los eventos adversos relacionados con la terapia intravenosa pueden tener repercusiones más graves y perjudiciales. Objetivo: Analizar indicadores de calidad relacionados con la atención de salud en la terapia intravenosa en un hospital público y de enseñanza. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, transversal realizado en un hospital público, de enseñanza. Para recopilar datos se utilizó una forma adaptada compuesta por 03 indicadores: identificación de acceso venoso periférico, la identificación de goteo intravenoso para botellas de infusión y la identificación de suero y control de la velocidad de infusión de las soluciones. La muestra, intencional, consistió en 94 participantes. Resultados: Se realizaron 1 355 observaciones. De éstas, 439 fueron el acceso venoso periférico, 463 de los catéteres para la infusión intravenosa de 453 botellas de suero y medicamentos. La validez de un acceso venoso periférico, basado solo en accesos identificados correctamente, fue el único cuyo resultado de calidad de la atención (QA) era deseable (100 por ciento) y segura (83,3 por ciento); todos los demás mostraron QA mal (< 70 por ciento). Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados en este estudio están por debajo del deseado para que una asistencia de calidad en terapia intravenosa sea garantizada. La calidad de la atención en la terapia intravenosa es mucho menor que la recomendada(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse events are common during use of intravenous therapy can cause damage to the patient, and contribute to worsening health status and prolonged hospital stay. In addition, by providing direct access to the bloodstream, adverse events related to intravenous therapy may be more serious and harmful repercussions. Objective: To analyze the quality indicators related to health care in intravenous therapy in an extension public research teaching hospital. Methods: Descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study in a public hospital, teaching. For data collection, it was used an adapted form composed of 03 following indicators: identification of peripheral venous access, equipment used for intravenous infusion, serum bottles, and speed control of infusion solutions. The intentional sample was consisted of 94 participants. Results: 1355 observations were done.In these observations, 439 were of peripheral venous access, 463 of equipment used for intravenous infusion, 453 of serum bottles and medicine. Based only on properly identified access, the validity of peripheral venous access was the only one whose result of quality of care (QA) was desirable (100 percent) and safe (83,3 percent), all the others showed QA poorly (< 70 percent). Conclusions: The results found in this study are below desired for quality care in intravenous therapy is ensured. The quality of care in intravenous therapy is very lower than recommended(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality Indicators, Health Care/ethics , Patient Safety , Injections, Intravenous/methods , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os sentidos atribuídos por usuários homens ao atendimento que lhes é prestado no âmbito da atenção básica à saúde, buscando subsidiar a construção de indicadores qualitativos de satisfação em relação ao uso desses serviços por usuários masculinos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, envolvendo entrevistas semiestruturadas com 201 usuários de quatro estados brasileiros. A análise se baseia no método de interpretação de sentidos, ancorando-se em princípios hermenêutico-dialéticos. Em termos de resultados, os usuários apontam critérios para avaliar positivamente os serviços, tomando como referências um atendimento comunicativo e atencioso, que lhes faça algo e que revele prontidão. Conclui-se que os homens usuários idealizam e reivindicam uma dada forma de atendimento considerada boa e que, a princípio, poderia servir para se discutir o atendimento de mulheres também. Entretanto, em razão da socialização que homens e mulheres experimentam, são reforçadas as diferenças entre o ser usuário homem e ser usuário mulher. Por outro lado, tanto no que tange aos profissionais quanto aos usuários, essa mesma segmentação por gênero pode contribuir para que se acirrem as impossibilidades de se lidar com as especificidades de homens e mulheres, em termos de demandas da saúde.
This study aims to analyze the meanings attributed by male users to the health care provided to them by the primary health care. It also tries to hook up the construction of qualitative indicators of satisfaction with the use of such services by males. For this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted, involving semi-structured interviews with 201 users from four Brazilian federal states. The data has been analyzed under the method of interpretation of meanings inbuilt in hermeneutic-dialectical principles. As for the results, users were asked to point toward criteria to evaluate positively the services, taking as reference a communicative and attentive service, as long as it makes a difference to them as well as bring up readiness. As a conclusion, it was found that male users outlook the services through rose-tinted glasses and therefore claim a particular form of care grounded on that assumption. Moreover, this conclusion could also be used to discuss the health care of women as well. On the other hand, due to the socialization that men and women experience, differences between male and female users could be reinforced. Conversely, regarding to both professionals and users, this gender segmentation may add to bring about the impossibilities of dealing with the specifics of men and women in terms of public health care demands.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Primary Health Care/ethics , Consumer Behavior , Men's Health/ethics , Men's Health/ethnology , Ethics, Professional , Quality Indicators, Health Care/ethics , Answering Services/ethics , Answering Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Answering Services/organization & administration , Answering ServicesABSTRACT
La homofobia está presente en todo discurso, sólo que por la normalización de ciertas conductas de rechazo hacia los homosexuales no nos percatamos. Este artículo analiza específicamente el discurso homofóbico del personal de salud. La ética profesional dicta que este personal trate con respeto y dignidad a los pacientes; sin embargo, se ha comprobado que existen actitudes prejuiciadas en las instituciones de salud que disminuyen la posibilidad de ayuda al paciente y generan mala relación y desconfianza.
The homophobia is present in all social discourses, but we do not realize it due to the normalization of certain rejection behaviors against homosexual persons. This paper analyzes specifically the homophobic discourse of health care personnel. The professional ethics dictates this personnel treats with respect and dignity to all patients. Nevertheless it has been proved that there are some prejudice attitudes in health care centers which diminish the possibility of health care assistances to patients and generate a poor and distrusted relationship between the health care professional and the patient.
A homofobia está presente em todo discurso, e não nos damos conta de certas condutas de rejeição aos homossexuais. Este artigo analisa especificamente o discurso homofóbico dos profissionais da saúde. A ética profissional diz que estes profissionais tratem com respeito e dignidade ao paciente, contudo, comprovou-se que existem atitudes prejudiciais nas instituições de saúde que diminuem a possibilidade de ajuda ao paciente e geram uma relação de desconfiança.